Wang at AustMS 2006
Posted by Guest
The following “guest post” is by David Roberts:
At the Australian Mathematical Society’s annual meeting in Sydney, Brian Wang gave the talk Gerbes, D-branes and loop group representations. This is of particular interest to at least one blogger here, so I provide some details.
The talk wasn’t precisely on all the mentioned buzz-words, but really outlined a different method of thinking about the geometry in
[1] A.L. Carey and Bai-Ling Wang
Fusion of symmetric -branes and Verlinde rings
arXiv:math-ph/0505040
I will leave it to those who know better to explain the gist of that paper, and focus on the talk. All groupoids in what follows are Lie groupoids (and if necessary, Fréchet).
Essentially, we want to be able to define D-branes for spacetime represented by a groupoid, and think sensibly about what the -flux does about this.
So an -flux is just the 3-curvature of a bundle gerbe. We want to think of as an extension of groupoids, with kernel the trivial bundle of groups (the base space will be given by context). That is, something like
for “spacetime”, the bundle gerbe (with )and . Examples of to keep in mind are: (1) the Cech groupoid of an open cover of a manifold , or more generally of a surjective submersion; (2) the action groupoid associated to a -manifold and (3) the suspension of a group.
Definition: Given any groupoid , a geometric cycle for is a vector bundle with an action
where the fibred product over is by the indicated maps. In the cases above a geometric cycle is (1) a vector bundle, (2) an equivariant vector bundle and (3) a representation of the group .
[A morphism of geometric cycles, would clearly be an equivariant map of vector bundles, or equivalently, a smooth functor between the action groupoids arising from the groupoid action on the vector bundle]
We can thus define a category of geometric cycles for a groupoid (and, I imagine, for groupoids in general). It doesn’t take too much to guess what happens next: Take the Grothendieck group of ! Well maybe you didn’t see it coming, but let’s look at our examples: (1) gives us , (2) and (3) , the representation ring of .
If we have a manifold and a map , we can form the pullback groupoid (sometimes denoted and ) in the obvious way, as the source and target are submersions.
Definition A D-brane for the space supporting the bundle gerbe as above is a manifold , a map and a geometric cycle for
The example to keep in mind: Let be a level central extension of the based loop group of a simply connected Lie group . Denote by the space of connections on the trivial -bundle over the (parameterised, pointed) circle. The holonomy map gives us an bundle ( is the space of based gauge transformations - those which are the identity at the basepoint) which is universal - recall that . We can then form the mulitplicative lifting bundle gerbe using the central extension above. A D-brane is supplied by a quasihamiltonian -space and its moment map.
And where does one buy a quasihamiltonian -space? I hear you ask. Well, given a Riemann surface with , and a point on the boundary, the moduli space of flat connections on modulo the based gauge transformations (wrt the point on the boundary) is a quasihamiltonian -space and the holonomy around the boundary is the moment map.
Proposition 4.1 of [1] tells us that the pullback of to is then stably trivial (or, if you like, admits a module of rank 1) and even equivariantly so.
We can generalise this to a genus Riemann surface with boundary components, , where the moment map is now to , and we pull pack the bundle gerbe via the various projection maps to get over . The pullback to is equivariantly trivialised as before.
The next step is to consider the sphere with 3 holes, - i.e. the pair of pants…
gerbe modules
Thanks a lot for the report!
Unless I am missing something, this geometric cycle is usually called a module for a gerbe (which can be thought of as a twisted bundle, e.g. for , for ordinary -gerbes).
I guess the point here is to emphasize that a gerbe module can be regarded as a special case of a more general concept - namely geometric cycles for groupoids? Is that right?
In fact, another way to realize a gerbe module as a special case of a more universal principle is to conceive it as a trivialization of a gerbe, but in an enlarged ambient category. (This is related to what we talked about here.)
The holonomy map classifies an -bundle on the space of connections on the trivial -bundle .
Lifting the structure group to produces a lifting gerbe on that space.
We can pull this back to the space of flat connections on a Riemann surface with an -boundary.
The proposition tells us that has a rank-1 module, hence that is trivial.
So I guess as a direct corollary we find that the pullback of the -bundle from to does admit a lift to a -bundle (since the lifting gerbe is trivial there).
Okay, nice. Surely this is next applied to - something…